What Gases Are Released When Wood Burns

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When wood burns, a series of chemical reactions take place, usually producing carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2O) and sometimes small amounts of volatile organic compounds. Here is an explanation of how these reactions generally take place:


Combustion (Oxidation) Reaction: As wood burns, it reacts with oxygen (O2). The general equation of this reaction is as follows:


Wood (CnHmOx) + O2 → CO2 + CO + CO + H2O + other by-products



Carbohydrates make up a large proportion of wood. They are compounds containing carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).

They react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O).

However, when combustion conditions are not fully controlled, complete combustion does not occur and carbon monoxide (CO) may occur as a by-product.

Carbon Monoxide Formation: When complete combustion does not occur, carbon monoxide (CO) can also be formed. This occurs when carbon is not completely oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to being flammable, carbon monoxide is also a poisonous gas for humans.




Other by-products: During the combustion process, by-products such as small amounts of volatile organic compounds, tar, coal residues may also be formed. These by-products may vary depending on the combustion conditions, the composition of the wood and the combustion temperature.


This process provides an overview of a simple combustion reaction. However, the actual combustion process is much more complex and many factors influence the outcome of the combustion process.

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