How Paper is Produced

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 Paper production is a complex process and consists of several stages. Here are the main stages of paper production:



Preparation of Wood and Fibre Raw Material:


The basic raw material for paper production is wood fibres. Wood is separated into fibres by grinding after tree felling or paper waste can be used in the recycling process.

Wood fibres are separated by chemical or mechanical methods. In the chemical method, the wood pulp is separated into fibres by processing with chemical substances, while in the mechanical method, the wood is separated into fibres by grinding.

Pulp Preparation:


Wood fibres are mixed with water and made into pulp. At this stage, the pulp is brought to the desired consistency and thickness.

Melting in Paper Machine:


The prepared pulp is fed into the paper machine.

The paper machine ensures that the pulp is spread in a thin layer. This layer is spread evenly thanks to the electrically charged drums in the wet state.

Water and Dehumidification:


As the sheeted pulp slowly advances, presses and dryers are used to remove excess water and moisture. This process ensures that the paper becomes stiff and dry.




Calendering:


The dried paper is passed through a calendering machine to flatten it and obtain a surface of the desired thickness and smoothness.

Cutting and Wrapping:


After the calendering process, the paper is cut into rolls and arranged according to the desired dimensions.

The cut paper rolls are made suitable for packaging or other processes.

Quality Control:


The produced papers are examined for quality control. In this control, the thickness, smoothness, colours and other properties of the paper are evaluated.

This process basically describes paper production. However, paper production can differ with various variations and customisations. For example, extra processes or additives can be used to produce special types of paper.

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