Chemistry Science

Oil is considered one of the most important energy sources of the modern world. However, no one could have predicted that its emergence on the stage of history would play such a critical role in meeting today's energy needs. The discovery and first use of oil heralded major transformations in human history and became one of the cornerstones of the industrial revolution. First Discoveries and Natural Oil Seeps The realization of oil by humanity actually dates back to ancient times. According to historical records, ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and China used oil that naturally seeped to the surface of the earth for medical and practical purposes. Especially in Mesopotamia, petroleum derivatives known as bitumen (tar) were used in construction materials for waterproofing, shipbuilding and even religious rituals. It is known that natural gas and oil were extracted in China in the 4th century BC using simple drilling methods. However, these early uses were qu...

 Today's growth rate has gained more importance with rapidly developing technology and increasing population density. Buildings, vehicles, electronic devices and even clothes are processed with special items to protect against paint. One of these substances is flame retardants. So, what exactly are flame retardants? How do they work and in which regions are they used? This serious, critical element in the background of fire safety is not discussed in detail. What are Flame Retardants ? Flame retardants, as the explanation shows, are chemical additives used to reduce the scope of combustion of a material or to provide flame protection. These substances delay the heating of a material faced with combustion, prevent the flame from getting hot and prevent the spread of the glow. This is very valuable in terms of fire safety, because it has instant explosion retardant powers, prevents rapid growth and saves both time and financial losses. Working Principles of Flame Retardants The worki...

 Plastic has become one of the most used materials in the modern world. Thanks to its wide range of use, durability, flexibility and economical production possibilities, plastic is the cornerstone of many industries today. However, plastic technology is not limited to polymer production alone, but also sustainable solutions and advanced technologies have been developed to minimize environmental impacts. Plastic technology is developing day by day, making our daily lives easier and reshaping with environmental responsibility awareness. 1. Historical Development of Plastic Technology The history of plastic dates back to the 19th century. Celluloid, first invented by John Wesley Hyatt in 1869, was developed to reduce dependence on natural materials. Then, Bakelite, developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907, is the first fully synthetic plastic and is considered the beginning of the plastic industry. Bakelite's invention revolutionized many areas such as electronics, automotive and constructi...

 Paint is one of the most basic materials used for both aesthetic and protective purposes since the early ages of human history. Paint technology, which has a wide range from cave wall paintings to today's high-tech coating systems, represents an industry that is constantly evolving. Modern paint technology not only adds color to surfaces, but also offers surface protection, environmentally friendly formulations and sustainable solutions. History of Paint Technology Paint was first obtained using natural pigments and binders. In ancient Egyptian and Roman times, the art of painting developed by obtaining pigments from various minerals and organic substances. The paints used in those times were generally considered status symbols due to their durability and rarity. With the industrial revolution, paint production became more systematic and industrial paints began to become widespread. Modern Paint Modern paint formulations generally consist of four main components: pigment, binder, ...

Surface activity is an important concept in various fields of chemistry, biology, environmental science and industry. Surface active substances or surfactants play a special role on surfaces where two different phases – such as water and oil – come together. These substances facilitate the mixing of phases or interaction between them by reducing surface tension. This feature allows it to be used in many areas from cleaning to industrial processes. In this article, we will examine what surface activity is, how it works and in which areas it is used. Definition and Working Principle of Surface Active Substances Surface activity is the totality of the properties exhibited by molecules on a surface depending on their interactions on that surface. In this context, surface active substances (surfactants) are chemicals that reduce surface tension by interacting on the surface of liquids or between two different phases (such as liquid-gas or liquid-liquid). Surface active substances have two i...

  Plastics are widely used methods in industry and daily life. Properties such as water resistance, moisture absorption rate and durability of indications determine the suitability of plastic materials in various applications. Plastic materials are critically important in areas such as marine, automotive and pipelines due to their resistance to aging when in contact with water and their low moisture absorption properties. This article focuses on plastic types that absorb little moisture and are not affected by aging in water. The moisture properties and water resistance of plastics depend on the polymer types and production types. Especially water-resistant and low-moisture plastics are preferred in engineering applications. One of the prominent plastics is Polyethylene (PE) Plastics such as Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) are preferred in many industries due to their low moisture absorption properties and resistance to aging in water. The d...